Rate and Sequence of Development

Babies are born(p) at 40 weeks. If a small fry is born originally the due date, they result be classed as premature. Premature babies generally take chronic to meet the early set aboutment milestones, Newborn babies spend more than(prenominal)(prenominal) time sleeping than being awake. It is actually master(prenominal) to a newborn tyke to spend quality time bonding with their primeval carer. Babies arrest fast during the first four weeks feeding and sleeping patterns hind end take to form and testament induce to communicate by dint of smiling and crying. As from 3 months superannuated, babies are more than more alert, and generally colonized into a day and night routine and cry less oftentimes.Being more settled and interacting with mess virtually them, and raft recognise their primary carer. From 6 months babies dirty dog express enjoyment through laughing and smiling. They crapper reach for objects this heightens the need for exploration. From 9 months babies are usually becoming more mobile, they nookie look their environment. cognitive and communication phylogeny is improving and babies are certified of oral communication. From this era, the emotional lesson is being learnt, as babies pop to generalise that carers who leave the room volition return.At 12 months babies are much more mobile. The baby is becoming much more vocal and verbalise to the carer. Fine motor skills are proveing and the baby is becoming more involutioned in feeding themselves, besides the baby starts to remember things. From 15 months a churls language is really developing, and can start to put together a small key worded sentence. base on balls is steadier, and as the sense of license develops, so does the frustration within the s producer, and prevention is usually the cause.From 18 months, a kid ordain actualise most of what is being said to them, so communication is important. Children of this age heretofore cannot control their em otions and need a lot of sensitivity from their carers when they make all overwhelmed by their feelings. From 2 long time, a shavers personality is evident and become more apparent every day. Cognitive and behavioural growing is continuing during this make up, short sentences are spoken and take the airing and movement is confident, leading to act new things, kindred climbing and jumping. The nipper result begin to understand emotion and consequences.At 3 years, youngsterren start to take an interest in peers, this is suitably timed as at this as pip-squeakren start pre- indoctrinate, and can enjoy contend with differents of a similar age. Children learn to express themselves through speech, in doing so, this reduces the nestlings frustration. At 4 years, boorren will make the transition to inform, which marks a massive change in their lives. When starting nurture the child will be fluent talkers, confident movers and will al needy have a accessible group of frien ds. Their concentration span will be increasing all the time.At 5 years old children will be settled into formal school daying. many an(prenominal) children will enjoy the challenge of the classroom and independence of athleticstimes. Others however can find it all very difficult because learning doesnt interest them or find the learning difficult. This can cause a negative feeling towards school. Friends are very important presently. At 6-7 years old, physical suppuration has straightway slowed down to previous years, but confidence levels increase, as does learning within the school. Between the ages of 8-12 years, Children will be reading and writing well.Children have learnt what it is they enjoy and dislike. During this stage of demeanor, it can be a emotional time, children will be moving on to new school and leaving old friendship groups and starting to make new friendship groups. Puberty can start around this age (mainly girls). Technology often causes a child to be l ess active in this age group and so a balanced diet is required. Between the ages 13 19 years, in that location is a lot happening, puberty, relationships, trial runs, leaving school, career choices. pic pic pic pic New Born CryingHappyPrimary carer pic pic pic picIn prone SittingCrawling Walking pic picpic pic pic Learning through play (18 months 4 years) pic pic pic pic Learning through play (5 years 19 years) Physical Development eld Range Development within the age range 0 3 months Babies hands are tightly closed most of the time. The baby will lay with head to one side (in supine position) and legs pulled up toward the abdomen (in prone position), head falls forward (head lag) and the adventure curves.As the baby gets older they are witting of events, more so when fed and talked to. 3 6 months The babys head in fundamental position (in supine), the head and chest can be lifted from the floor and can supported themselves with their forearms (in prone). The back is straighter and slight head lag remains. The baby will have found their arms and can be waved and brought together legs can be kicked separately and together. The baby is alert and will move their head to instruct others.The baby has found their fingers and can engage in hand and finger play and briefly are able to hold objects before dropping. 6 12 months During this age, babies develop fast and start to learn with child(p) movements like, rolling over to going onto their hands and knees to progressing to taking a few steps. Sitting unaided is also developed during this age. Also a number of fine motor skills develop during this age, the palmar grasp to and indifferent pincer grasp to then recognising and controlling the release of this grasp.The hand eye coordination is more defined and nowadays able to feed with a spoon and finger foods. 1 yr- 2yrs The childs walking has become more confident and will attempt to run. The child will start to craw l the stairs, and will walk them if hand is held by a carer. The marks on paper progress into scribbles, a small editorial of block will progress into a tall editorial. The child can now push themselves on on ride-on-toys, and is able to kick and throw balls. The child will now be able to withdraw cotton reels using the delicate pincer grasp. 2 yrs 4 yrs During this age, the physical activity becomes main(a). The child will learn to walk up the stairs holding on to the hand rail this will develop into the child confidently climbing stairs and outdoor play equipment. The child will develop from travel large wheeled toys without peddles to using peddles and steering confidently. Kicking a stationary ball will develop into kicking moving balls in straight lines.Drawing becomes an interest, faces and letters are often attempted, using the takered hand. 4 yrs 7 yrs From the age of 4 years, children will be learning how to fasten buttons, zips, use scissors and screw out basic shapes. Writing becomes more acquainted(predicate) and will be learning how to write his/her ca-ca and other short familiar words. A Childs coordination will increase and will be able to play games with rules. General balance is good bikes stabilisers will start to be removed.By the time a child is 7 years, they will be able to hop, skip and use larger outdoor play equipment in schools and parks. The child will be able to catch with one hand and be able to tie up their shoe laces. 7 yrs 12 yrs Physical growth slows down during this age group. The development of coordination and drive of movement along with physical strength develops during this time. The childs interest in TV, reckoners and games consoles over take the physical play.The childs writing becomes more adult like, as does the use of computer equipment. 12 yrs 16 yrs Generally puberty begins between 11-13yrs. The bodies of both boys and girls change throughout puberty. There is a v ariation in age in which this occurs girls usually enter puberty by 13 years and boys 14 years. Sporting talents become more apparent during this time. 16 yrs 19 yrs A girls body can become more woman-like by 16 years old, and a boy becomes manlier by 16-17 years. Intellectual and Cognitive Development mature Range Development within the age range 0 3 months From birth a baby can be soothed by a familiar voice, usually the primary carer. Through the use of senses, the baby starts to understand that he/she is a separate person. The baby will begin to notice object in their immediate environment 3 6 months From 3 months a baby will show interest in bright shiny objects.The baby will be very alert and will watch things going on around them keenly. The baby will explore by putting objects into their mouth 6 12 months The baby will explore the immediate environment, the primary carer staying within close proximity. During this age, the child will start to look for items which have fallen. 1 yr- 2yrs From 1 year, the babys memory develops.Remembering past events will highlight the anticipation of future familiar events. The baby will also start to look for objects that have fallen out of sight, knowing they still exist, but cant be seen. At this young age, child will look for, and return familiar things in there right places. The child will use toys in a way they are familiar with e. g. putting a doll in a bath. The child becomes aware of peers and takes an interest in their activities.A child will use trial and error in a way to explore and discover the instauration around them. 2 yrs 4 yrs A child from 2 years will understand that actions have consequences. He/she will be able to complete wide jigsaw puzzles and build a tower of bricks creativity within imaginary and creative play is developed. The child will start asking what and why question and using speech of thinking and reporting. The child can name colours and sort items into simple sets.The child will now be able to recognise his/ her own written name 4 yrs 7 yrs At 4 years old, a childs memory has developed, and can mobilize many songs and stories. The child is now able to problem solve, number correspondence improves, reading and vocabulary develops. The child will learn from new experiences at school, and learning style preferences whitethorn be apparent. 7 yrs 12 yrs The child now understands mathematical questions and is able to find the answers in number calculations, measuring nd weighing. Many children can read and write simple text by the age of 7. A child will learn a new range of subjects at secondary school, and might follow their own various(prenominal) interests out of school. A sense of logic develops. 12 yrs 16 yrs Academic knowledge increases as exam curriculum is followed. 16 yrs 19 yrs Towards the age of 16 years, future career decisions are made . e. g. pull ahead education, career choices. Communication Development Age Range Development within the age range 0 3 months A newborn baby communicates through sound, crying and physical closeness. The baby will begin to coo and gurgle with the primary carer when talked to. The baby starts to recognise and link familiar sounds such as the face and the voice of a carer. He/she will copy high and low sounds and will return a smile when smiled at. 3 6 months Sounds are used primarily to call for a carers impress.The baby is talk frequently and enjoys rhymes and the rhyme actions. The baby plays tunefully with the sounds he/she can make. 6 12 months The baby now recognises his/her own name and recognises familiar words, including no. The baby will makes longer strings of babbling sounds and advisedly uses volume vocally. The baby will increasingly understand basic messages communicated by carers and older siblings. 1 yr- 2yrs The babbling increasingly starts to sound like speech and lead to single words being spoken. The child shows an sagaciousness that particular words are associated with people and objects, by using a few simple words in context. Labelling such as you me mine is understood and the use of single words increases and begins to use peoples names. The child understands a great deal of what carers say. 2 yrs 4 yrs At 2 years, the child will point to items and name them.Vocabulary increases and sentences are used. Some sentences can be used incorrectly, but by 42 months most language is used correctly. The child enjoys stories and rhymes and will use plurals, pronouns, adjectives, possessives and tenses. 4 yrs 7 yrs From 4 years, a child uses language fluently and is clear and understood to all. He/ she have an understanding of language, and can enjoy rhymes, stories and nonsense.The childs vocabulary is growing each day, and will be learning to read, he/she will recognise small, key words. At the age of 6 years, the childs language becomes more a dult like and enjoys word play and jokes. 7 yrs 12 yrs The child enjoys mixer chats with friends and family, the conversation becomes more adult like. Both verbal and written communication is fluent and the correct grammar is used. The child may read as a leisure pass time. 12 yrs 16 yrs The child may be loth(p) to ask adults for advice or information required. It may be sourced anonymously. 16 yrs 19 yrs At this age the child will enjoy socialising with friend and having catch up chats with friends and family. Social, Emotional and Behavioural Development Age Range Development within the age range 0 3 months A new born baby will smile from about 5 weeks, the baby will discover what he/she can do, and create a sense of self.The baby may cry if the primary carer leaves the room because the baby doesnt understand that the person still exists and will return. The baby is able to show excitement and fear. The baby responds positively to a kind soothing carer, If a carer doesnt respond to the baby, the baby will stop trying to interact. 3 6 months The baby can now clearly tell people apart, showing a preference for a primary carer and siblings. During this age the baby shows a wider range of feeling clearly and vocally. He/she will reach out to be held and may stop crying when spoken to. The baby enjoys attention from others and seeing themselves in the mirror. 6 12 months During this time the baby becomes increasingly mobile which allows the child to advance people. The baby understands that when a carer leaves the room, they will return. Babys offer objects in their hands but do not let go. The sense of self identity increases as conceit and self-confidence develop.The child will start to wave goodbye, prompted at first, then freely. The child is now happy to play alongside other children for increasing lengths of time. 1 yr- 2yrs The child becomes more curious to the world around them. The child may signs of medi cineal interval anxiety and can be jealous of attention or toys given to other children. Emotions are changeful they quickly alternate between wanting to do things alone, and then requiring their carers help.The child becomes frustrated easily when not able to carry out their chosen task. The child show angry defiance and resistance to adults At this age the child likes to follow their carer and like to help with the activities, imitating them. 2 yrs 4 yrs At this age a child is beginning to understand his/her own feeling and identifies happy and sad faces. The child is also aware of other peoples feelings. They will be able to tell others how they feel.Children will respond to carers lovingly, and is moved(p) by their mood. The child may use language to profess verbally, causing them to be less rebellious. The child will now be using the toilet and washes own hands, He/she will also be able to dress them self. 4 yrs 7 yrs The child may be socially confide nt and self-esteem is apparent and responds well to praise for behaviour, encouragement and responsibility. The control over emotions increases but as imagination increases the child can become more fearful.At this age the child will be keen to fit in with other and approval from adults and peers is propensityd. Friends are important most of these are made in school. The managing of behaviour is beat out carried out and often responds best to time out method. The child will enjoy games and activities. 7 yrs 12 yrs Around the age of 7 years, a child will doubt their learning ability and often say I cant do it. This leads them to becoming frustrated easily.Personality is established more severely as attitudes to life are developed. The child is more susceptible to peer pressure, solid friendships are create and best friends are important. The child may feel unsettled when making the transition from primary school to secondary school and as puberty approaches . Strong friendships are relied upon and usually the same sex. The child may be reluctant to go to clubs unless a friend is there too.At this age the child is more independent and able to make more decisions. 12 yrs 16 yrs The child will now travel to school alone. Mood swings become more apparent due to puberty. There will be a desire for the child to fit in with peers and express individuality this can be through art/ music/ dance or creative writing and possibly through dress and hairstyles. The child may prefer to spend time with friends rather than family, and may tend to spend more time in their sleeping room at shell.A balance of school and leisure time is important. 16 yrs 19 yrsThe child becomes interested in own sexuality and feels attracted to others and may develop romantic and sexual relationships. The child may experiment with smoking, drugs or alcohol, this behaviour is linked with low self-esteem. The child may self experiment with identity th rough port . e. g. piercings and tattoos. A child may start a new job, it is important that a home, work and social life balance is taken on. Moral Development Age Range Development within the age range 0 3 months 3 6 months 6 12 months 1 yr- 2yrs 2 yrs 4 yrs The child is increasingly able to understand consequence of behaviour and the concept of getting in trouble. The child understands the concept of saying sorry and making up 4 yrs 7 yrs The child has a good understanding of familiar, basic rules. If he/she are in an environment where swearing is happening, it is likely the child will use in their own language.The child will have experienced blaming and blame, and feels shame/ criminality when adults disapprove. The child will be keen to win and be right. 7 yrs 12 yrs Attitudes to life are being developed these are the basis of future moral codes. The child can understand increasingly complex rules, impacting on the sense of right and wrong. Conflict with parents arise due to wanting independence, home rules are unfair, and refuse to wear clothing that parents have bought. 12 yrs 16 yrs The child will now develop personal morals, beliefs and values outside of parents influence . e. g. egetarian 16 yrs 19 yrs The child may protest to make their feelings know and to act on a desire to change the world . e. g. petitions, student protests any tables are guides and development ages groups are approximate. Question What is the dispute between Sequence of development and Rate of development? Why is the difference important? Sequence Rate The sequence is the order on which children develop. For The rate is the speed or age on which children develop.For example, a child will learn to sit up before they can walk. example, children of the same age will not reach all of the There are exceptions to this children or young adults with a milestones at the same age. disability may develop differently. It is importan ce to identify the difference and how each one plays a role in identifying the accomplishments of a child, what milestones have been reached and when. They enable charting of a child or young persons development to happen and provide a structure or picture that can measure where a child might be in need of support.